Thyroid Health8 min read·20 February 2026

Thyroid Disease and Diet: A Pakistani Patient Guide

Dr. Fatima Zahra

Nephrologist & Clinical Dietitian

Thyroid Disease and Diet: A Pakistani Patient Guide

Thyroid Disease in Pakistan

Thyroid disorders are extremely common in Pakistan, particularly hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Iodine deficiency, common in certain regions, is a major contributing factor.

Diet for Hypothyroidism

Foods to Include

Iodine-rich foods:: Iodized salt, seafood, dairy

Selenium:: Brazil nuts, eggs, sunflower seeds — selenium supports thyroid hormone conversion

Zinc:: Meat, shellfish, legumes — important for thyroid function

Adequate protein:: Supports metabolism

Foods to Limit (Goitrogens)

Goitrogens can interfere with thyroid function when eaten raw in large amounts:

Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage) — cooking reduces goitrogenic effect

Soy products in large quantities

Millet

Note: These foods are healthy and do not need to be eliminated — just do not eat them raw in huge quantities.

Avoid

Highly processed foods

Excess sugar (worsens fatigue and weight gain)

Gluten (for those with Hashimoto's thyroiditis — discuss with your doctor)

Diet for Hyperthyroidism

Foods to Include

Calcium-rich foods (dairy, leafy greens) — hyperthyroidism depletes calcium

Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables

Adequate calories — hyperthyroidism speeds metabolism

Foods to Limit

Iodine-rich foods (seafood, iodized salt) — excess iodine can worsen hyperthyroidism

Caffeine — worsens anxiety and palpitations

Stimulants

The Medication Factor

Thyroid medication (levothyroxine) must be taken on an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before food. Calcium, iron, and certain foods can interfere with absorption.

#Thyroid#Hypothyroidism#Hyperthyroidism#Clinical Nutrition

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